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French Bulldog

Breed

Dog

Compact, muscular companion breed. Known for bat ears and flat face. Popular in urban environments.

Trait profiles

Heritable traits and their typical frequency in this breed population.

Agouti (ASIP)

A

Common

Spotting (MITF)

S

Pied (sp/sp) is AKC standard in combination with accepted base colors.

Common

Extension (MC1R)

E

Common

Black (CBD103)

K

Common

Dilute (MLPH)

D

Dilute (dd) is AKC DQ in this breed but present in large portions of the breeding population.

Present

Intensity (MFSD12)

I

Present

Brown (TYRP1)

B

Chocolate (bb) is AKC DQ but widely produced. DNA testing common.

Present

Long Hair (FGF5)

L

L4 variant (c.559-560dupGG) is present in Frenchie population. AKC DQ. "Fluffy french bulldog" drives 49.5K monthly searches.

Introduced

Merle (PMEL)

M

Merle introduced via crossbreeding. AKC will not register merle French Bulldogs. 18.1K monthly searches.

Introduced

Harlequin (PSMB7)

H

Harlequin locus does not occur in French Bulldogs.

Absent

Morph names & registry status

Breed-specific naming conventions and recognition status across major registries.

Blue and Tan

Common
AKC:Disqualified

dd + at/at. AKC DQ. Blue body with tan points. Popular in the non-standard market.

Unknown

Common
AKC:Disqualified

bb dd. AKC DQ. 8.1K monthly searches for "lilac french bulldog."

Unknown

Common
AKC:Disqualified

bb dd (same as Lilac). 2.4K monthly searches for "isabella french bulldog." Both names used in this breed.

Unknown

Common
AKC:Disqualified

bb dd + at/at. AKC DQ. Highly sought-after in Frenchie market.

Unknown

Common
AKC:Disqualified

dd + Ay. AKC DQ. 2.9K monthly searches for "blue fawn french bulldog." Specifically listed as DQ in AKC standard.

Unknown

Common
AKC:Disqualified

M/m + bb + dd. AKC DQ. 2.4K monthly searches for "lilac merle french bulldog."

Unknown

Common
AKC:Disqualified

kbr + dd. AKC DQ. Produced alongside other blue Frenchie lines.

Unknown

Common
AKC:Disqualified

M/m + at/at. AKC DQ. Merle with tan points.

Unknown

Common
AKC:Disqualified

M/m + dd + at/at. AKC DQ. Three-locus combo.

Unknown

Common
AKC:Disqualified

M/m + bb + dd + at/at. AKC DQ. Most complex common Frenchie combo.

Unknown

Common
AKC:Standard

sp/sp. Pied is AKC standard when combined with accepted base colors. Non-standard when on a DQ base color.

Merle

Common
AKC:Disqualified

AKC will not register merle French Bulldogs. 18.1K monthly searches. Introduced via crossbreeding.

Blue

Common
AKC:Disqualified

dd on black base. AKC DQ. 8.1K monthly searches. Associated with CDA risk.

Fawn

Common
AKC:Standard

Ay/- with ky/ky. AKC standard. One of the most common Frenchie colors.

Sable

Common
AKC:Standard

Ay/- with significant black-tipped overlay. AKC standard. Often with black mask (Em).

Brindle

Common
AKC:Standard

kbr/- with no KB. AKC standard. 8.1K monthly searches for "brindle french bulldog."

Tri

Common
AKC:Disqualified

Tan points (at/at) in Frenchies are nearly always paired with non-standard colors (blue, lilac, merle). Tri alone on a standard base is uncommon but possible.

Fluffy

Common
AKC:Disqualified

l/l (L4 variant). AKC DQ. 49.5K monthly searches. Longer, softer coat on ears, chest, and body.

Cream

Common
AKC:Standard

ee with phaeomelanin intensity dilution. AKC standard. Common and popular.

Unknown

Common
AKC:Disqualified

Merle on black base. AKC DQ. High search volume. Produced via introduced merle gene.

Unknown

AKC:Disqualified

aa + bb + dd. AKC DQ (chocolate and dilute are each DQ). Recessive black base modified by chocolate and dilute; distinct from standard Isabella (Ay+bb+dd). Community term "New Shade" distinguishes the cooler, more uniform tone. Very rare; requires recessive homozygosity at A, B, D, and K loci simultaneously.

Isabella Fawn Merle

AKC:Disqualified

M/m + bb + Ay/-. AKC DQ (both merle and chocolate are DQ). Merle acting on chocolate fawn base. Breeder term in this program: "Isabella Fawn Merle." Warm, rose-toned merle patches over fawn body; distinct from blue merle (black base) and lilac merle (bb+dd base).

Rojo and Tan

AKC:Disqualified

at/- + bb + dd + emem + ky/ky. AKC DQ (chocolate, dilute, and recessive red are each non-standard). Breeder term "Rojo" (Spanish: red) for this warm copper phenotype without black mask. Tan-point distribution visible as "Rojo and Tan." CDA risk from dd. DNA test all five loci.

Unknown

AKC:Disqualified

bb + Ay/- + ky/ky. AKC DQ (chocolate is DQ). Maskless fawn variant with liver/brown eumelanin. Produced in Frenchie color programs. Distinct from standard fawn (B/-) and from blue fawn (D locus). Breeders may describe as maskless chocolate fawn.

Unknown

AKC:Disqualified

M/m + bb. Both merle and chocolate are AKC DQ.

Chocolate

AKC:Disqualified

bb (homozygous brown). AKC DQ. 1K monthly searches for "chocolate french bulldog."

Red

AKC:Standard

Full-intensity phaeomelanin. AKC standard. Less distinctly named in Frenchies; often described as fawn.

Black and Tan

AKC:Disqualified

at/at + ky/ky + B/- D/- without white spotting. AKC DQ in Frenchies.

Chocolate and Tan

AKC:Disqualified

bb + at/at. AKC DQ. Chocolate with tan points.

Unknown

AKC:Disqualified

ee + dd. AKC DQ. Very pale cream/champagne coat.